Ice Dam Prevention: A Homeowner's Complete Guide
Ice dams are one of the most common and destructive winter roofing problems in Wisconsin. Understanding how they form and how to prevent them can save you thousands in repairs.
What Is an Ice Dam?
An ice dam forms when heat from your attic melts snow on your roof. The water runs down and refreezes at the colder eaves, creating a dam. Water backs up behind this dam and can leak into your home, causing damage to walls, ceilings, insulation, and more.
Why Ice Dams Form
Ice dams require three things:
- Snow on the roof
- Heat escaping from your attic
- Temperatures below freezing at the eaves
Prevention Strategies
1. Proper Attic Insulation
The most effective prevention is keeping your attic cold. Upgrade your attic insulation to at least R-49 (Wisconsin building code). This prevents heat from escaping into the attic space and melting snow.
2. Adequate Ventilation
Proper attic ventilation allows cold air to circulate, keeping the roof deck cold and preventing snow melt. You need both intake vents (soffit) and exhaust vents (ridge or roof vents).
3. Seal Air Leaks and Improve Ventilation
Common air leak locations include:
- Around chimneys and plumbing stacks
- Recessed lighting fixtures
- Attic hatches and pull-down stairs
- Gaps around wiring and pipes
4. Keep Gutters Clean
Clogged gutters prevent proper drainage, contributing to ice dam formation. Clean gutters in late fall before winter sets in.
5. Consider Heat Cables
For problem areas, heat cables can provide additional protection. They're installed in a zigzag pattern along the eaves to create channels for water drainage.
Warning Signs of Ice Dams
- Icicles along the eaves
- Ice buildup at the roof edge
- Water stains on ceilings or walls
- Wet insulation in the attic
What NOT to Do
Never chip away ice yourself. You'll likely damage your roof, and working on an icy roof is extremely dangerous. Don't use salt or chemicals - they can damage your roof and landscaping.
Professional Ice Dam Removal
If an ice dam forms, professional removal is the safest option. We use low-pressure steam to safely melt the dam without damaging your roof.
Holland Exteriors offers 24/7 emergency ice dam removal throughout Milwaukee and surrounding areas. Schedule a winter inspection to prevent problems before they start, or call (414) 340-3890 immediately if you have an emergency.